October 7, 2026 by matray

Physical therapy professional liability claim severity increased more than 20% in CNA and HPSO's latest closed-claims analysis, with the study also showing a shift toward higher indemnity payments.

The Physical Therapy Professional Liability Claim Report: 5th Edition examines claims involving physical therapists, physical therapist assistants and physical therapy practices that closed from 2020 through 2025. The analysis includes 497 professional liability claims with indemnity payments of at least $10,000.

Average total incurred for those claims reached $162,174, up 20.3% from $134,761 in CNA/HPSO's previous dataset covering 2015 through 2019. The earlier dataset itself represented a 12.4% increase from the $119,893 average reported for claims closed from 2010 through 2014.

The latest results also indicate claims are moving toward higher indemnity ranges. Claims closing with indemnity between $250,000 and $749,999 increased from 9.3% of claims in the previous dataset to 13.7%, while the share between $10,000 and $99,999 declined from 65.7% to 62.9%.

CNA and HPSO said claim severity is affected by the circumstances of individual cases but pointed to social and tort inflation among broader industry trends contributing to higher severity.

The study identified particularly high severity involving physical therapist assistants. Although PTAs accounted for 16.5% of claims compared with 76.5% for physical therapists, PTA claims averaged $208,546 in total incurred, 40.4% more than the $148,507 average for PT claims.

Failure to monitor was especially significant among PTAs, accounting for 31.7% of their claims compared with 16.3% of PT claims. PTA failure-to-monitor claims averaged $291,613 in total incurred, compared with $197,783 for PTs.

Among physical therapists, improper performance of manual therapy was the most common claim allegation, accounting for 27.9% of claims. Average total incurred for those claims increased 35.6% from the previous dataset to $161,317. Dry needling accounted for 26.4% of manual-therapy claims.

Fractures were the most common injury, representing 24.2% of PT claim injuries and averaging $179,484 in total incurred. Failure-to-monitor allegations involving fractures, frequently involving patient falls, averaged $225,829.

The report also found that claims involving PT practices averaged $170,418 in total incurred, 15.4% higher than the $147,655 average for individually insured PTs, PTAs and PT students. CNA and HPSO cited practices' additional exposure to vicarious liability and responsibilities involving hiring, training, supervision and other operations.

The report cautions that its findings reflect CNA-insured claims rather than the entire physical therapy professional liability market. CNA's primary professional liability policies typically carry $1 million per-claim limits, and payments made by co-defendants are not included in the analysis.